![]() ![]() ![]() Maintenance and repair of bridges, therefore, has consequences on the economy of the region, which mandates finding technological solutions for increasing their longevity. Therefore, they are an essential part of daily life that aids a prospering trade and commerce in a city. In congested city centers, flyovers/overbridges serve to cross roads without mixing of the traffic moving across in different directions. In modern society, bridges facilitate in surface transportation for roads and railways and carry facilities such as water/ sewer supply pipelines or electric/telephone communication lines across streams or gorges. ![]() Based on these disciplines, modern bridge engineering mainly deals with (a) planning, (b) analysis, (c) design, (d) construction, (e) maintenance, and (f) rehabilitation. Since these early times bridge engineering has evolved into a major discipline in itself, one that benefits from the advances made in other engineering disciplines, such as engineering geology, water resources engineering, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering. Later, pieces of wood were lashed together to make the improvements in functionality of the bridges. Originally, cut trees were simply placed across streams to allow crossing. Introduction For millennia bridges have been used to cross barriers, typically a river, stream, or valley, by using locally available materials, such as stones, timber. A raised structure that allows the movement of vehicles or pedestrians over an obstacle.
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